MAOISM

Maoism

Maoism, variably and officially known as Mao Zedong Thought is a variant of Marxism derived from the teachings of the late Chinese leader Mao Zedong, widely applied as the political and military guiding ideology in the Communist Party of China (CPC) from Mao's ascendancy to its leadership. It is also applied internationally in contemporary times. Maoist parties and groups exist throughout the world, with notable groups in Peru, India, and Nepal. Notably, in Nepal they won the country's first free elections in 2008

The basic tenets of Maoism include revolutionary struggle of the vast majority of people against the exploiting classes and their state structures, termed a People's War. Usually involving peasants, its military strategies have involved guerrilla war tactics focused on surrounding the cities from the countryside, with a heavy emphasis on political transformation through the mass involvement of the basic people of the society.

Maoism departs from conventional European-inspired Marxism in that its focus is on the agrarian countryside, rather than the industrial urban forces. This is known as Agrarian socialism. Notably, Maoist parties in Peru, Nepal and Philippines have adopted equal stresses on urban and rural areas, depending on the country's level of development.

In its post-revolutionary period, Mao Zedong Thought is defined in the CPC's Constitution as "Marxism-Leninism applied in a Chinese context", synthesized by Mao Zedong and China's first-generation leaders. It asserts that class struggle continues even if the proletariat has already overthrown the bourgeoisie, and there are capitalist restorationist elements within the Communist Party itself.

Maoism provided the CPC's first comprehensive theoretical guideline with regards to how to continue socialist revolution, the creation of a socialist society, socialist military construction, and highlights various contradictions in society to be addressed by what is termed "socialist construction". The ideology survives in name today on the Communist Party's Constitution; it is described as the guiding thought that created "new China" and a revolutionary concept against imperialism and feudalism.

Maoism broke with the state capitalist framework of the Soviet Union under Nikita Khrushchev and dismisses it as modern revisionism, a traditional pejorative term among communists referring to those who fight for capitalism in the name of socialism. Some critics claim that Maoists see Joseph Stalin as the last true socialist leader of the Soviet Union, although allowing the Maoist assessments of Stalin vary between the extremely positive and the more ambivalent. Some political philosophers have seen in Maoism an attempt to combine Confucianism and Socialism - what one such called 'a third way between communism and capitalism

PANCHAYATI RAJ SYSTEM IN INDIA

Panchayati raj system introduced through the 73rd constitutional amendment is the most definitive step towards re-energizing democracy in the history of independent india. In gandhian concept of gramaswaraj, panchayat was the basis of rural governance. Panchayat traditionally refers to 5 elders in a village who mediate conflict and spoke on behalf of all the residents of a village. The word has been retained by the 73rd amendents to the constitution, but it now refers to a body elected according to law . The same word is used for the 3 tiers of local administration brought in by the amendment- the highest being the distrct or zilla panchayat. The lowest is the gram panchayat that may cover several village.
Karnataka was the first state in the country to implement the Panchayati Raj Act; which mandeted 25percent reservationfor women in 1987. This wasprior to the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments. As many as 14000 women were elected in the first election held in 1987. Significantly women from Dalit and backward communities have a presence in panchayati Raj institution.
Women's empowerment is not something, which can be handed over to women only. Today many women who fight the elections are from poor economic and backward social backgrounds; breaking social, cultural and economic barriers.

NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE COMMISSION

National Knowledge Commission has proposed a blue print for reform of our knowledge related institutions and infrastructure which will enable ional Knowledge Commission -Organisational setup National Knowledge Commission consist of 7 members headed by the chairman Pitroda. A small technical support staff headed by an executive director assist the members in their duties . The overall to skill up graduation and aptitude formation. India to meet the challenge of the future.National knowledge Commission has been set up in 2005 .National Knowledge task of the National Knowledge Commission is to "India will be a knowledge edge in the coming decade" ie to ensure that our country becomes a leader in the creation ,application and dissemination of knowledge,which will further leadCommission transforming India into a global knowledge hub.India to be a globally competitive in the 21st century ,a critical factor would be our ability to harness our knowledge potential .

CORRUPTION

Corruption is a Universal phenomenon and no society is free from it.Dr.Radhakrishnan said "Corruption is an evil which has to be fought on all fronts at all levels".Corruption is difficult to define.In contemporary usage Corruption means the betrayal of public trust or individual group gain.
Lord Action says "Power corrupt, absolute power corrupt absolutely"
Causes of Corruption
1.Low Salary
2.Inefficent supervision.
3.Poor public opinion
4.Social Environment
5.Pressure groups.

Conculsion
Corruption not only affect one person ,but it affect the whole society.New generation have to react against this social disease.

BJP SLAMS THAROOR FOR 'CATTLE CLASS REMARKS'

The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) on Thursday slammed Minister of State for External Affairs Shashi Tharoor terming his twitter remarks about "cattle class" travel as an insult to a large middle class who led an austere lifestyle.
Tharoor ran into trouble for a message he posted as a reply to someone on the social networking site Twitter, in which he said he would travel "cattle class out of solidarity with all our holy cows!" The question was about Congress leaders travelling economy class as part of austerity measures.
BJP spokesperson Rajiv Pratap Rudy said: "Tharoor has termed economy class in airlines as cattle class. (This reflects) the insensitivity of the minister. This tantamounts to (causing) deep injury to the self-respect and esteem of millions who travel economy class," Rudy said in a statement here.
He said Tharoor's remarks show his arrogance typical of Congress leaders. The minister also came in for criticism from his own party on Wednesday.
Referring to Congress general secretary Rahul Gandhi's recent tour to Tamil Nadu, the BJP spokesperson claimed the visit cost over Rs.1 crore. "This demolishes his tall claim of austerity," he said, and asked if this was austerity.
Rudy added that Congress president Sonia Gandhi and other leaders "tom-tomming" about austerity was all hypocrisy and played with people's emotions. It was to distract public attention from drought and price rise.